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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

数字之力擦亮浙江******

　　【乌镇实践】

　　光明日报记者 王美莹 光明日报见习记者 刘习

　　“乌镇时间”再次开启，11月8日，世界互联网大会永久举办地特色活动“数字赋能共同富裕示范区建设展示活动”精彩亮相。活动中，“数字共富”“数智生活”“数字场景”三条展示线路勾勒出浙江农业、农民、企业的致富路，经济、制造、建造领域的大发展，以及民生、社区、生态、交通等的新成就。

　　在数字农业展区，一台农业机器人演示着如何高效快捷地为生猪注射疫苗，桐乡“兴羊富民”应用上显示出“数字牧场”的实时管理情况。“我们这个展厅集合了一块‘健康肉’和一只‘共富羊’。”数字农业展区的工作人员介绍。

　　在浙江桐乡华腾石湾未来猪场，基于5G通信技术和智能传感、饲养管理、巡检机器人等系统搭建的平台可以对栋舍内的生猪进行精准、高效管理。这些生产“健康肉”的生猪都会佩戴生物电子耳标，以实时监控体温、重量、运动量等数据。据桐乡市委书记于会游介绍，数字化和智能化养殖让华腾石湾未来猪场平均每头母猪年提供商品猪产量由18.5头提高到了26.5头，增效达43.2%。

　　“我们以1500元/亩的价格对附近300余亩农业用地进行流转，以人均5万元/年吸纳周边失地农民，实现65人再就业。”浙江华腾农业科技有限公司CIO姚雪飞说，“同时在牧场边构建猪舍里庄园，形成了‘观光+研学+体验+华腾猪肉产品+有机果蔬’的模式，合计平均每户增收10余万元，带动周边共同致富。”

　　共同富裕建设不仅仅是生活富裕，更是精神富足。在智慧文旅展区，观众排队体验VR眼镜带来的“穿越”：在虚拟空间中参观桐乡市乡村文化礼堂的老照片展。

　　“现在桐乡市176个行政村的文化礼堂都可以在‘浙里办’的‘乡约礼堂·精神共富’平台中查询、预约、参观。”桐乡市委宣传部数字文化专班负责人张潘丽边操作边介绍说，“平台上还可以根据人数和场馆大小进行入驻申请，现在已经有29支团队、280多名创客入驻。”

　　90后姑娘夏晓梅是非遗历本袋的创作者，她说：“改良后的虎型历本袋更符合当下的使用习惯和审美，变成3D数字藏品后，更是被越来越多的年轻人接受和喜爱。”现在，夏晓梅在桐乡市崇福镇五丰村文化礼堂创立了“晓梅工作室”，让更多人了解优秀传统文化。

　　在嘉兴学院任教的外籍教师Kseniia专程来到桐乡市开发区（高桥街道）骑力村文化礼堂，通过VR技术与数字藏品布老虎“合影”。她说：“数字化的乡约礼堂让传统文化更有趣，文化体验也真实丰富。”

　　《光明日报》（ 2022年11月09日 10版）

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）